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Friday, August 13, 2010

Humans and dogs - co-domestication and/or tipping point in our evolution?


A new paper and forthcoming book by Pat Shipman puts forth the following:
A suite of unique physical and behavioral characteristics distinguishes Homo sapiens from other mammals. Three diagnostic human behaviors played key roles in human evolution: tool making, symbolic behavior and language, and the domestication of plants and animals. I focus here on a previously unrecognized fourth behavior, which I call the animal connection, that characterized the human lineage over the past 2.6 million years. I propose that the animal connection is the underlying link among the other key human behaviors and that it substantially influenced the evolution of humans.
You can read the press release here and the paper "The Animal Connection and Human Evolution" here

To some extent this challenges the wolf co-domestication hypothesis nicely outlined in the review "Top dogs: wolf domestication and wealth" by Carlos A Driscoll and David W Macdonald:
The initial association of wolves and humans was doubtless instigated by the wolves [9,21]. But, insofar as domestication did not happen overnight, there must have been cultural continuity of wolf tolerance initially and of proto-dog keeping subsequently. A plausible scenario is that proto-domestic wolves were resident scavengers at the rubbish dumps of permanent settlements rather than nomadic camp followers: both wolves and dogs continue in much this role in some places today [22]. Indeed, they perpetuate the general canid dynamic of intraguild competition [23] whereby smaller canids (in this case smaller, domesticated, doggish wolves) can survive the aggression of larger ones (wild wolvish wolves) only with access to a refuge - in this case the umbrella, intended or otherwise, of a companion animal, namely humans. By analogy, and perhaps in a direct parallel, molecular evidence shows that contemporary wild wolf populations - the migratory wolves of the tundra compared with territorial populations of the boreal forest - do not interbreed although they overlap geographically for much of the year [24]. These different lifestyles promote reproductive isolation in ways perhaps reminiscent of the divergence of proto-dogs and wolves.
and why is tool making still considered a hallmark of human evolution, didn't Jane Goodall prove that it wasn't so in the 70s?

References:
Shipman P (2010) The Animal Connection and Human Evolution. Current Anthropology 51:519–538

Driscoll CA, Macdonald DW (2010) Top dogs: wolf domestication and wealth. Journal of Biology 9:10

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